National registration gives protection within one specific country, whereas the Madrid Protocol offers potential protection in multiple member countries through one centralised application.

In many jurisdictions, including Singapore, trademark validity is 10 years from the date of registration and can be renewed indefinitely in 10-year increments.

Major alterations usually require a new registration. Minor changes might not, but the distinction varies by jurisdiction.

The Madrid Protocol consolidates multiple national applications into one, saving time, reducing costs, and easing management.

With a registered trademark, you can legally enforce your rights, which can include stopping the infringement or seeking compensation.

It varies by country. In many places, like Singapore, there is no annual fee, but a renewal fee is required every 10 years.

The Madrid Protocol’s international application relies on the base application’s status in your home country. A rejection at home can adversely impact the international application.

The duration of the trademark registration process can vary significantly based on the jurisdiction. In Singapore, once an application is submitted to IPOS (Intellectual Property Office of Singapore), and provided there are no objections or oppositions, the process can typically take up to 12 months. However, for international applications through the Madrid Protocol, the initial examination by WIPO is done within a month, but the entire registration process can span anywhere from 12 to 18 months as individual member countries have up to 12 or 18 months (depending on the circumstances) to refuse the extension of protection.